Lab-on-a-Fish: Wireless, Miniaturized, Fully Integrated, Implantable Biotelemetric Tag for Real-Time <i>In Vivo</i> Monitoring of Aquatic Animals

In vivo electronic monitoring systems for underwater applications are promising technologies obtaining information about aquatic animals. State-of-the-art devices constrained by limits on the number of integrated sensors, large dimensions and weight, short device longevity. Here, we report Lab-on-a-Fish: world’s first biotelemetry tag that combines edge computing with wireless sensing in physiology [electrocardiogram (ECG) electromyogram (EMG)], behavior [activity level tail beat frequency (TBF)], ambient environment (temperature, pressure, magnetic field). The Lab-on-a-Fish has a miniaturized form (dry weight: 2.4 g; wet 0.8 dimensions: 5.5 mm ${\times }\,\,6.5$ }\,\,37$ mm) studying small Engineering efforts spanning improvements battery chemistry, circuit efficiency, power-saving algorithms extend longevity to as much eight months. designed piezoelectric transducer its driving enable communication multiplexed digital sensor data over distance up 400 m. can also store raw using flash memory use locations challenging acoustic communications or when more complex postprocessing is needed. Long-term validation three species—rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), walleye (Sander vitreus)—demonstrated device’s potential biological environmental applications.